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#cell

11 posts5 participants0 posts today
Public
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "Preliminary design of a Cavity Tuner for Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavity"
arxiv.org/abs/2504.16645 #Physics.Acc-Ph #Mechanical #Cell

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arXiv.orgPreliminary design of a Cavity Tuner for Superconducting Radio-Frequency CavityThis paper introduces a newly designed cavity tuner for superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavity. Aiming to overcome the drawbacks of traditional tuning systems, like the limited tuning range of piezoelectric tuner and the low-speed tuning of stepper-motor-based tuner, this novel tuner is crafted to improve SRF cavity performance and stability via efficient and accurate frequency tuning. The design encompasses several key elements. The cavity structure includes a commonly used 1.3 GHz single-cell superconducting cavity and a room-temperature coaxial tuner cavity. The coupling mechanism between the two cavities, along with the coupling window design, ensures effective energy transfer while minimizing losses. The mechanical tuning system, driven by electromagnetic coils, enables precise adjustments, and the cooling mechanisms for both cavities guarantee stable operation. Functioning by coupling an external resonant cavity to the superconducting one, this tuner can adjust frequencies through mechanical or electromagnetic methods. It realizes rapid tuning, with a speed much faster than traditional mechanical tuner, high-precision tuning down to the sub-mHz level, and a wide tuning range covering a broader frequency spectrum. Theoretical analysis and simulations verify that the tuner can remarkably enhance tuning speed, precision, and range. It also has distinct advantages such as a simplified structure, which reduces manufacturing and maintenance complexity, and enhanced reliability due to its non-contact tuning operation. In particle accelerators, this cavity tuner holds great potential. It represents a significant step forward in superconducting accelerator technology, offering a novel way to optimize the performance and stability of SRF cavity.
Public
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "Optogenetic control of mechanotransduction based on light-induced homodimerization of talin"
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20 #Mechanotransduction #Mechanical #Cell

bioRxiv · Optogenetic control of mechanotransduction based on light-induced homodimerization of talinIntegrin-based cell adhesions (IACs) serve as primary sites where piconewton-scale actomyosin-generated mechanical forces are transmitted to the extracellular matrix (ECM), generating traction forces that drive cell-ECM responses including adhesion, migration, and mechano-signaling. Talin, a large (270 kDa) cytosolic adaptor protein, is the principal force-transmission protein in integrin-based adhesions, containing multiple mechanosensitive domains and protein-protein interaction sites that orchestrate molecular events in mechanosensing. As a highly modular multi-domain protein, talin has been identified as an effective target for chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulation of integrin-based mechanotransduction. However, a key limitation of previous approaches is the reliance on heterodimerization modules to control talin function, requiring the expression of two modified talin fragments. In practice, achieving precise expression levels in such a 2-component approach can be challenging, particularly when combined with other genetic tools. Since talin naturally contains a C-terminal dimerization domain that forms part of its actin-binding site, we reasoned that the molecularly engineered talin with a C-terminal optically-controlled homodimerizer could enable single-component optogenetic control of mechanotransduction. This approach would facilitate multiplexing with other molecular perturbations or experimental techniques. Here, we describe an opto-homodimerizable talin based on the pdDronpa1.2 optogenetic module, which enables optogenetic control of talin by a single construct. We demonstrate that light-induced talin dimerization promotes talin recruitment to IACs, adhesion formation, actin retrograde flow engagement, and downstream mechanotransduction signaling. Conversely, light-induced talin monomerization rapidly disassembles focal adhesions, disrupts talin-actin linkages, and accelerates actin retrograde flow, underscoring the critical roles of talin dimerization. Furthermore, our single-construct design allows facile multiplexing of optogenetic modulation of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction with super-resolution single-molecule tracking, revealing the essential role of talin dimerization for integrin αvβ5 engagement. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
Public
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "Mechanical cues rewire lipid metabolism and support chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR3 and SKOV3"
doi.org/doi:10.1186/s12964-025
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/402642
#Mechanical #Cell

BioMed CentralMechanical cues rewire lipid metabolism and support chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR3 and SKOV3 - Cell Communication and SignalingEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the deadliest cancers in women, and acquired chemoresistance is a major contributor of aggressive phenotypes. Overcoming treatment failure and disease recurrence is therefore an ambitious goal. Ovarian cancer develops in a biophysically challenging environment where the cells are constantly exposed to mechanical deformation originating in the abdomen and shear stress caused by the accumulation of ascitic fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Therefore, mechanical stimulation can be seen as an inseparable part of the tumor microenvironment. The role of biomechanics in shaping tumor metabolism is emerging and promises to be a real game changer in the field of cancer biology. Focusing on two different epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and OVCAR3), we explored the impact of shear stress on cellular behavior driven by mechanosensitive transcription factors (TFs). Here, we report data linking physical triggers to the alteration of lipid metabolism, ultimately supporting increased chemoresistance. Mechanistically, shear stress induced adaptation of cell membrane and actin cytoskeleton which were accompanied by the regulation of nuclear translocation of SREBP2 and YAP1. This was associated with increased cholesterol uptake/biosynthesis and decreased sensitivity to the ruthenium-based anticancer drug BOLD-100. Overall, the present study contributes to shedding light on the molecular pathways connecting mechanical cues, tumor metabolism and drug responsiveness.
Public
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "Functional Amyloid Fibrils as Versatile Tools for Novel Biomaterials"
arxiv.org/abs/2504.15532 #Mechanical #Q-Bio.Bm #Cell

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arXiv.orgFunctional Amyloid Fibrils as Versatile Tools for Novel BiomaterialsFunctional amyloid fibrils, once primarily associated with amyloidosis, are now recognized for their exceptional potential as biomaterials due to their unique structural features, including remarkable mechanical strength, high stability, and self-assembly capabilities. This review highlights their transformative applications across a wide range of industries, from cutting-edge drug delivery systems and next-generation biosensors to tissue engineering, surface technologies, energy storage, and environmental solutions. Their versatility extends into innovative sectors like information transfer systems, cell adhesion, protein fusion, food technology, and novel catalytic systems. Despite significant progress, critical gaps remain in the research. This review not only consolidates current applications but also underscores the vast potential for future advancements, positioning functional amyloids as key players in emerging biomaterials technologies.
Public
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "Curvature induced patterns: A geometric, analytical approach to understanding a mechanochemical model"
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20 #Mechanical #Cell

bioRxiv · Curvature induced patterns: A geometric, analytical approach to understanding a mechanochemical modelThe exact mechanisms behind many morphogenic processes are still a mystery. Mechanical cues, such as curvature, play an important role when tissue or cell shape is formed. In this work, we derive and analyze a mechanochemical model. This particular spatially one-dimensional model describes the deformation of a tissue- or cell surface over time, which is driven by a morphogen that locally induces curvature. The model consists of two PDEs with periodic boundary conditions; one reaction-diffusion equation for the morphogen and one PDE that describes the dynamics of the curve, derived by taking the L2-gradient flow of the Helfrich energy. We analyze the possible steady states of this model using geometric singular perturbation theory. It turns out that the strength of interaction between the morphogen and the curvature plays a key role in the type of possible steady state solutions. In the case of weak interaction, the geometry of the slow manifolds allows only for (in space) slowly changing periodic orbits that lay completely on one slow manifold. In the case of strong interaction, there exist multiple front solutions: periodic orbits that jump between different slow manifolds. The singular skeletons of the steady state solutions do not meet the required consistency conditions for the curvature, a priori indicating that the solutions might not be observable. The observability and stability are investigated further using numerical simulation. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
Public
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "Intestinal Tissue Mechanics Regulate Angiogenesis and Stem Cell Proliferation via Vascular Piezo"
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20 #Mechanical #Mechanics #Cell

bioRxiv · Intestinal Tissue Mechanics Regulate Angiogenesis and Stem Cell Proliferation via Vascular PiezoThe vasculature is a prominent component of developmental and adult tissue microenvironments. How, tissue specific characteristics and environmental states influence vascular biology and function, remains largely understudied. Previously, we discovered crosstalk between the adult intestinal epithelium and the vasculature-like tracheal system of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, which is driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during pathogen induced-intestinal regeneration. However, chemical stress signals alone are insufficient to explain the rich diversity of vasculature/tissue interactions in living systems and justify the widely observed adaptation of the vascular network in physiology and disease. Here, we uncover reciprocal, mechanochemical interorgan communication between the adult intestine and its vascular niche, which shapes vascular and epithelial tissue adaptations and drives stem cell proliferation during intestinal regeneration and tumour growth. Mechanistically, apoptotic epithelial cells within the regenerating intestine induce local and global mechanical changes in the gut, which results in activation and upregulation of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo in a subset of gut-associated trachea. Piezo drives a specific molecular program within the trachea through activation of the mechanosensitive transcription factor Yorkie/YAP, leading to tracheal remodelling and intestinal stem cell proliferation. Furthermore, we identify a non-redundant role of vascular Piezo1 driving remodelling of the intestinal crypt vasculature and inducing crypt growth, WNT signalling activity, and stem cell proliferation in the regenerating mouse small intestine. Our cross-species in vivo study reveals previously unrecognised mechanosensory regulation of intestinal regeneration and tumourigenesis through the vascular-stem cell niche and highlights the importance of studying tissue and context specific vascular cell biology to understand intestinal plasticity and the complexity of tissue/vasculature interactions within a living organ. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
Public
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "Anatomical and Molecular Characterization of the Zebrafish Meninges"
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20 #Mechanical #Cell

bioRxiv · Anatomical and Molecular Characterization of the Zebrafish MeningesThe meninges are a set of connective tissue layers that surround the central nervous system, protecting the brain from mechanical shock, supporting its buoyancy, guarding it from infection and injury, and maintaining brain homeostasis. Despite their critical role, the molecular identity, developmental origins, and functional properties of the cell types populating the meninges remain poorly characterized. This is in large part due to lack of cell type specific markers and difficulty in visualizing and studying these structures through the thick mammalian skull. Here, we show that the zebrafish, a genetically and experimentally accessible vertebrate, possesses an easily imaged mammalian-like meninges. Anatomical and cellular characterization of its composition via histology, electron microscopy, and confocal imaging shows that the adult zebrafish possesses complex multilayered meninges with double-layered dura mater and intricate leptomeningeal layers. Using single cell transcriptomics, we define the molecular identities of meningeal cell populations, including a unique ependymin (epd)-expressing cell population that constitutes the major cellular component of the leptomeningeal barrier and is essential for brain development and survival. These findings support the use of zebrafish as a useful comparative model for studying the meninges, provide a foundational description for future zebrafish meningeal research, and identify a new Leptomeningeal Barrier Cell that serves as the primary epithelial cell component of the leptomeninges. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
Public
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "A Navier-Stokes-Peridynamics hybrid algorithm for the coupling of compressible flows and fracturing materials"
arxiv.org/abs/2504.11006 #Physics.Comp-Ph #Dynamics #Cell

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arXiv.orgA Navier-Stokes-Peridynamics hybrid algorithm for the coupling of compressible flows and fracturing materialsModeling and simulation of fluid-structure interactions are crucial to the success of aerospace engineering. This work addresses a novel hybrid algorithm that models the close coupling between compressible flows and deformable materials using a mesoscopic approach. Specifically, the high-speed flows are described by the gas-kinetic scheme, which is a robust Navier-Stokes alternative solver built on the molecular kinetic theory. The deformation, damage, and fracture of materials are depicted using the bond-based peridynamics, which serves as coarse-grained molecular dynamics to construct non-local extensions of classical continuum mechanics. The evolution of fluids and materials are closely coupled using the ghost-cell immersed boundary method. Within each time step, the solutions of flow and solid fields are updated simultaneously, and physics-driven boundary conditions are exchanged for each other via ghost cells. Extensive numerical experiments, including crack propagation in a pre-cracked plate, subsonic flow around the NACA0012 airfoil, supersonic flow around the circular cylinder, and shock wave impacting on the elastic panel, are performed to validate the algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the unique advantages of current hybrid algorithm in solving fracture propagation induced by high-speed flows.
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