#statstab #319 Small Sample Size Solutions [book]
Thoughts: This should just be the default text for psychologists, as most research fits the "small sample" label.
#smallsample #book #guide #bayesian #permutation #sem #metaanalysis #nof1 #missingdata
Hot off the press - our report on gender disparities in grant seeking at the University of Cambridge (who applies for and who gets research grant funding).
The story:
1) The structural disparities are big (not so surprising)
2) The patterns of disparity at particular grades in particular disciplines go both ways (more surprising)
#ResearchPolicy
#ResearchGrants
#GenderDifferences
#Bayesian
If you like graphs, you'll probably like it!
It's important to emphasize that "realistic-looking" data does *not* mean "realistic" data – especially high-dimensional data (unfortunately that post doesn't warn against this).
If one had an algorithm that generated realistic data for a given inference problem, it would mean that that inference problem had been solved. So: for educational purposes, why not. But for validation-like purposes, use with uttermost caution and at your own peril.
The bayesEO package provides a Bayesian approach to post-processing ML-generated images. It refines class probabilities, removes outliers, and improves labeling for more accurate classification.
Happy Birthday, Laplace! 
One of the first to use Bayesian probability theory in the modern way!
"One sees in this essay that the theory of probabilities is basically only common sense reduced to a calculus. It makes one estimate accurately what right-minded people feel by a sort of instinct, often without being able to give a reason for it. It leaves nothing arbitrary in the choice of opinions and of making up one's mind, every time one is able, by this means, to determine the most advantageous choice. Thereby, it becomes the most happy supplement to ignorance and to the weakness of the human mind. If one considers the analytical methods to which this theory has given rise, the truth of the principles that serve as the groundwork, the subtle and delicate logic needed to use them in the solution of the problems, the public-benefit businesses that depend on it, and the extension that it has received and may still receive from its application to the most important questions of natural philosophy and the moral sciences; if one observes also that even in matters which cannot be handled by the calculus, it gives the best rough estimates to guide us in our judgements, and that it teaches us to guard ourselves from the illusions which often mislead us, one will see that there is no science at all more worthy of our consideration, and that it would be a most useful part of the system of public education."
*Philosophical Essay on Probabilities*, 1814 <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4184-3>
#statstab #299 The role of "max_treedepth" in No-U-Turn?
Thoughts: Once you start using more complex models you will run into issues at some point; this is one; good solution guide.
#brms #bayesian #modeling #stats #issues #solutions #stan #forum
https://discourse.mc-stan.org/t/the-role-of-max-treedepth-in-no-u-turn/24155
After a long collaboration with @martinbiehl, @mc and @Nathaniel I’m excited to share the first of (hopefully) many outputs:
“A Bayesian Interpretation of the Internal Model Principle”
https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.00511.
This work combines ideas from control theory, applied #categorytheory and #Bayesian reasoning, with ramifications for #cognitive science, #AI/#ML, #ALife and biology to be further explored in the future.
In these fields, we come across ideas of “models”, “internal models”, “world models”, etc. but it is hard to find formal definitions, and when one does, they usually aren’t general enough to cover all the aspects these different fields consider important.
In this work, we focus on two specific definitions of models, and show their connections. One is inspired by work in control theory, and one comes from Bayesian inference/filtering for cognitive science, AI and ALife, and is formalised with Markov categories.
In the first part, we review and reformulate the “internal model principle” from control theory (at least, one of its versions) in a more modern language heavily inspired by categorical systems theory (https://www.davidjaz.com/Papers/DynamicalBook.pdf, https://github.com/mattecapu/categorical-systems-theory/blob/master/main.pdf).
6/ Thus we built upon this #Bayesian framework (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24149-x) to infer each pairwise interaction in individual-based #networks accounting for sampling effort and the inherent stochasticity of field data
#statstab #293 The Bayesian Bootstrap
Thoughts: I need to think more on where bootstrapping makes sense in a bayesian setting. But here's a tutorial.
#stats #bayesian #bayes #bootstrap #resampling
https://towardsdatascience.com/the-bayesian-bootstrap-6ca4a1d45148/
#statstab #292 The Interplay between Subjectivity, Statistical Practice, and Psychological Science
Thoughts: "transparent subjectivity leads to a more honest and fruitful analyses"
#bayesian #epistemology #subjectivity #science #stats #psychology
A #bayesian blogpost, by two of my undergraduate students! It's their report on their learning Bayesian modeling by applying it to my lab's data.
https://alexholcombe.github.io/brms_psychometric_variableGuessRate_lapseRate/DenisonBlog.html
Summary: we learned to use brms. But had trouble when we added more than one or two factors to the model. Little idea why; haven't had time to tinker much with that.
Got the physical copies of my Cambridge element in the mail. A reminder that the whole book is free to download until the end of February: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009210171
GO GO GO! We're live next week in 40 George Square, #Edinburgh
Come and hear Isabella and Jordan talk about #Bayesian #Statistics in #RStats
Details: http://edinbr.org/edinbr/2025/02/17/February-meeting.html
#stats help: is there any online tutorial for ordinal CFA with {blavaan}?
People who insist that #bayesian methods are trash are just as weird as those who insist that #frequentist methods are always misleading. Stop pinning your personal identities to methods, friends.
The revised paper "The ARR2 prior: flexible predictive prior definition for Bayesian auto-regressions" with David Kohns, Noa Kallioinen, Yann McLatchie adds results about implied priors on characteristic roots and partial autocorrelations, case study with quasi-cyclical behavior, and extensions to MA, ARMA, ARDL, and VAR models.
If I collect some data for a new treatment, but don't collect a control group, can I use the data from an older study that has the control condition? If so, how would I integrate this into my analysis? and what is the name for this? historical control?
